Geotechnical engineers utilize a critical role in identifying subsurface voids, which pose significant challenges to the stability and efficacy of structures. These hidden cavities can originate from various reasons, such as geological formations, erosion, or human interventions. Utilizing a suite

Subsurface voids pose significant challenges to geotechnical integrity. Accurately identifying these voids is fundamental for ensuring the security of structures and infrastructure. Traditional methods, such as borehole examination, can be expensive and provide limited spatial resolution. Emerging g

Cavity characterization plays a crucial role in geotechnical design processes. A thorough understanding of cavity geometry and characteristics is essential for effectively assessing the potential impact on foundations . Geotechnical engineers utilize diverse techniques to characterize cavities, inc

Geophysical exploration employs a crucial role in the identification and evaluation of potential mineral orebodies. By employing various physical methods, geologists can penetrate beneath the Earth's surface to localize subsurface structures and signatures indicative of mineral presence. These geop